Manganese Oxide Processing, Deep-Sea Nodule Mining, and Water Treatment
This community investigates the extraction, chemical processing, and environmental management of manganese, focusing on producing electrolytic manganese, recovering metals from deep-sea polymetallic nodules, and removing manganese from water sources.
The work centers on the chemistry of manganese oxides and their interaction with iron, organic matter, and heavy metals. Key activities include the leaching and reduction of manganese ores, the treatment of electrolytic manganese residue, and the development of methods for removing manganese from drinking water and mine drainage. A significant portion of the research examines the formation and composition of ferromanganese crusts and nodules in the Pacific Ocean, specifically regarding their potential as sources of critical metals. The community also studies the mechanisms by which manganese oxides adsorb and transform other elements, such as cadmium and organic carbon, in both natural and engineered environments.
The largest share of the community's output is found in manganese research, accounting for 5.0% of all manganese research, and 6,763 papers here. Iron research contributes 1,927 papers, representing 0.5% of all iron research.
The community comprises 10,508 papers, publishing most frequently in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Hydrometallurgy, and Minerals.
Recent work includes studies on the environmental impacts of deep-sea mining in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, the extraction of critical metals from polymetallic nodules, and the use of manganese minerals for sunlight-driven hydroxyl radical production. Other recent papers address the distribution of cadmium in soils influenced by manganese oxides and the sustainable utilization of electrolytic manganese residue in construction materials.