Layered Zirconium and Titanium Phosphates for Catalysis, Ion Exchange and Proton Conduction
This research community develops layered inorganic phosphate materials, primarily zirconium and titanium phosphates, to function as solid acid catalysts, ion exchangers, and proton conductors.
The work centers on the synthesis and structural modification of layered zirconium phosphate (ZrP) and titanium phosphate (TiP) frameworks. Recurring methods include the creation of nanoplatelets and nanosheets, which are then modified or hybridized with organic compounds, metals, or polymers. These materials are applied in heterogeneous catalysis, particularly for acid-catalyzed reactions, and in ion exchange processes for water treatment and heavy metal removal. A significant portion of the research investigates proton conductivity within these layered structures, often involving the intercalation of cations like guanidinium or the use of dihydrogen phosphate groups to facilitate ionic transport. The community also explores the thermal stability and crystal structure evolution of these phases under various conditions.
The largest share of the community's output is found in zirconium research, accounting for 1.9% of all zirconium research tracked, with 1,564 papers in this group. Titanium research contributes 353 papers, representing 0.3% of that element's total research.
The community comprises 4,019 papers, publishing most frequently in Solid State Ionics, Inorganic Chemistry, and Chemistry of Materials.
Recent work continues to focus on the application of these layered phosphates in emerging areas, such as the fabrication of cellulose/zirconium phosphate hydrogels for dialysis cartridges and the use of zirconium phosphate as a heterogeneous catalyst for the green synthesis of nanocellulose from agricultural waste.