← Back to the table

Every score here is current — nothing is delayed. Personal members see monthly resolution →
84 Post Transition Metal
Po

Polonium

RIS 0.007
Velocity
Rank#88
Co-citedRa
Physical properties
Category Post Transition Metal
Block p-block
State Solid
Config [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
Electronegativity 2.0
Density 9.32 g/cm³
Melting 527.0 K
Boiling 1235.0 K
Ionization 812.1 kJ/mol
Oxidation -2, +2, +4, +6
Discovered 1898 · Marie Curie, Pierre Curie
10-year trends

Research trends from the past decade for this element.

Research trends from the past decade: publication rate, citation momentum, emerging applications. A bird's-eye view of how the field has been evolving.

Free →

Unlocks with a free account.

Top papers of all time
Environmental Forensics · 2025 · 95th percentile for its age
The Science of The Total Environment · 2025 · 94th percentile for its age
2025 · 89th percentile for its age
Top papers, last 5 years
Environmental Forensics · 2025 · 95th percentile for its age
The Science of The Total Environment · 2025 · 94th percentile for its age
2025 · 89th percentile for its age
Newest papers
Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids · 2026 · 92nd percentile for its age
Water Air & Soil Pollution · 2026 · 87th percentile for its age
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · 2026 · 74th percentile for its age

These are the nine that matter most. There are more — browse all of them free.

Found one worth keeping? Personal remembers it for you, in a reading list you can come back to.

Polonium's history

Research intensity over time

Polonium's history

Polonium's research intensity, 1900 → today.

See how it got here — free account.
Advanced visualization features

Polonium's associations

These shapes are citation clusters: groups of papers that cite each other. They show why Polonium is moving, not just that it is.

Unlocks with a free account.