Research community previously filed under “Mechanical Engineering”

Lithium and Iron Extraction, Separation, and Battery Recycling

Papers 49,501
Elements 4
Keywords & sectors 76
Leading venue Minerals Engineering

Lithium and Iron Extraction, Separation, and Battery Recycling

This community focuses on the chemical and physical processes used to extract lithium from ores and brines, process iron into steel, and recover valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries.

The work centers on hydrometallurgical techniques, including acid leaching, solvent extraction, and flotation separation, to isolate lithium, iron, copper, and nickel. A significant portion of the research addresses the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries, specifically the recovery of cathode materials and the management of printed circuit boards. Life cycle assessment and circular economy frameworks are frequently applied to evaluate the environmental and economic impacts of these extraction and recycling pathways. The recurring methods include deep eutectic solvents, selective recovery mechanisms, and blast furnace reduction processes for iron and steel production.

The largest share of the community's output is found in iron research, accounting for 5.5% of all iron research, and 5,889 papers here. Lithium research follows closely, comprising 5.1% of all lithium research, with 5,392 papers in this group. Copper research represents 3.7% of the total copper literature, contributing 3,985 papers.

The community comprises 49,501 papers, publishing most frequently in Minerals Engineering, Hydrometallurgy, and Separation and Purification Technology.

Recent work continues to focus on novel strategies for lithium extraction from low-quality brines, bioleaching mechanisms, and the selective flotation of various ores. Newer studies also explore the circular economy aspects of the global lithium-ion battery supply chain and the recovery of valuable metals from battery cathode leachates.

Recurring themes in the literature

Phrases that recur across this community's paper titles -- a quick map of its sub-topics, drawn straight from the titles themselves.

  • lithium-ion batteries 928
  • iron ore 842
  • spent lithium-ion 637
  • life cycle 476
  • lithium-ion battery 475
  • lithium extraction 415
  • flotation separation 336
  • lithium ion 314
  • cycle assessment 305
  • acid leaching 268
  • solvent extraction 244
  • sulfuric acid 240
  • blast furnace 229
  • battery recycling 226
  • lithium recovery 209
  • spent lithium 207
  • ion batteries 195
  • iron steel 195
  • valuable metals 191
  • recycling spent 185
  • recovery lithium 183
  • deep eutectic 175
  • circular economy 162
  • printed circuit 155

Papers behind this description

Most cited
Nature · 2024 · 409 citations
Nature Energy · 2023 · 846 citations
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · 2025 · 275 citations
2025 · 222 citations
Chemical Reviews · 2024 · 454 citations
Newest
Nature · 2025 · 75 citations
ACS Nano · 2025 · 46 citations
npj Materials Sustainability · 2025 · 43 citations
npj Materials Sustainability · 2025 · 42 citations
Discover Environment · 2025 · 37 citations

A sample from the 18 papers behind this description. Create a free account to see them all.