Research community previously filed under “Mechanical Engineering”

Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Lithium, Copper, and Battery Metals

Papers 19,355
Elements 6
Keywords & sectors 50
Leading venue Minerals Engineering

Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Lithium, Copper, and Battery Metals

This community develops chemical processes to extract and separate lithium, copper, nickel, cobalt, and manganese from spent lithium-ion batteries, industrial residues, and natural ores.

The work centers on hydrometallurgical techniques, specifically acid leaching, solvent extraction, and flotation separation. A significant portion of the research focuses on recycling spent lithium-ion batteries to recover cathode metals, while another major strand addresses the extraction of lithium from brines and the processing of copper and manganese residues. Deep eutectic solvents and choline chloride are frequently investigated as alternative media for these separation processes. Life cycle assessments are integrated into the study of these recovery pathways to evaluate their environmental footprint.

The community is most prominent in lithium research, accounting for 8.4% of all tracked lithium literature and comprising 3,394 papers. It also represents 5.9% of copper research (2,403 papers) and 4.0% of manganese research (1,751 papers).

The group comprises 19,355 papers, published primarily in Minerals Engineering, Hydrometallurgy, and Separation and Purification Technology.

Recent work continues to focus on optimizing lithium extraction from low-quality brines and refining the hydrometallurgical processing of spent battery cathodes, with specific attention to selective flotation and bioleaching mechanisms.

Recurring themes in the literature

Phrases that recur across this community's paper titles -- a quick map of its sub-topics, drawn straight from the titles themselves.

  • lithium-ion batteries 1037
  • deep eutectic 889
  • spent lithium-ion 799
  • lithium-ion battery 697
  • lithium extraction 485
  • life cycle 477
  • eutectic solvents 454
  • eutectic solvent 406
  • lithium ion 374
  • flotation separation 347
  • cycle assessment 343
  • battery recycling 311
  • electrolytic manganese 301
  • copper slag 291
  • spent lithium 247
  • ion batteries 225
  • choline chloride 225
  • recycling spent 222
  • acid leaching 217
  • lithium recovery 212
  • manganese residue 206
  • recovery lithium 201
  • sulfuric acid 200
  • solvent extraction 196

Papers behind this description

Most cited
Nature · 2024 · 408 citations
Nature Energy · 2023 · 828 citations
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · 2025 · 275 citations
Chemical Reviews · 2024 · 454 citations
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment · 2023 · 741 citations
Chemical Society Reviews · 2024 · 402 citations
Nature Reviews Clean Technology · 2025 · 211 citations
Science · 2024 · 239 citations
Geoscience Frontiers · 2024 · 223 citations
Nature Communications · 2025 · 184 citations
Nature Communications · 2024 · 223 citations
Coordination Chemistry Reviews · 2024 · 257 citations
Newest
Nature · 2025 · 75 citations
npj Materials Sustainability · 2025 · 43 citations
ACS Nano · 2025 · 46 citations
npj Materials Sustainability · 2025 · 42 citations
Minerals Engineering · 2026 · 32 citations
Nature Communications · 2025 · 35 citations