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17 Reactive Nonmetal
Cl

Chlorine

RIS 0.109
Velocity
Rank#19
Co-citedNa
Physical properties
Category Nonmetal
Block p-block
State Gas
Config [Ne] 3s2 3p5
Electronegativity 3.16
Density 0.003214 g/cm³
Melting 171.6 K
Boiling 239.11 K
Ionization 1251.2 kJ/mol
Oxidation -1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7
Discovered 1774 · Carl Wilhelm Scheele
10-year trends

Research trends from the past decade for this element.

Research trends from the past decade: publication rate, citation momentum, emerging applications. A bird's-eye view of how the field has been evolving.

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Top papers of all time
Science · 2025 · 100th percentile for its age
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age
Nature · 2025 · 100th percentile for its age
Top papers, last 5 years
Science · 2025 · 100th percentile for its age
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age
Nature · 2025 · 100th percentile for its age
Newest papers
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age
Accounts of Chemical Research · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age
Advanced Materials · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age

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Chlorine's history

Research intensity over time

Chlorine's history

Chlorine's research intensity, 1900 → today.

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Advanced visualization features

Chlorine's associations

These shapes are citation clusters: groups of papers that cite each other. They show why Chlorine is moving, not just that it is.

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