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94 Actinide
Pu

Plutonium

RIS 0.012
Velocity
Rank#82
Co-citedAm
Physical properties
Category Actinide
Block f-block
State Solid
Config [Rn] 5f6 7s2
Electronegativity 1.28
Density 19.84 g/cm³
Melting 912.5 K
Boiling 3501.0 K
Ionization 584.7 kJ/mol
Oxidation +3, +4, +5, +6, +7
Discovered 1940 · Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan
10-year trends

Research trends from the past decade for this element.

Research trends from the past decade: publication rate, citation momentum, emerging applications. A bird's-eye view of how the field has been evolving.

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Top papers of all time
Applied Physics Reviews · 2025 · 92nd percentile for its age
Advanced Materials · 2025 · 94th percentile for its age
Advanced Science · 2025 · 96th percentile for its age
Top papers, last 5 years
Applied Physics Reviews · 2025 · 92nd percentile for its age
Advanced Materials · 2025 · 94th percentile for its age
Advanced Science · 2025 · 96th percentile for its age
Newest papers
Communications Earth & Environment · 2026 · 92nd percentile for its age
Angewandte Chemie Novit · 2026 · 92nd percentile for its age
Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026 · 92nd percentile for its age

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Plutonium's history

Research intensity over time

Plutonium's history

Plutonium's research intensity, 1900 → today.

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Advanced visualization features

Plutonium's associations

These shapes are citation clusters: groups of papers that cite each other. They show why Plutonium is moving, not just that it is.

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