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98 Actinide
Cf

Californium

RIS 0.002
Velocity
Rank#95
Co-citedBk
Physical properties
Category Actinide
Block f-block
State Solid
Config [Rn] 5f10 7s2
Electronegativity 1.3
Density 15.1 g/cm³
Melting 1173.0 K
Boiling 1743.0 K
Ionization 608.0 kJ/mol
Oxidation +2, +3, +4
Discovered 1950 · Stanley G. Thompson, Kenneth Street Jr., Albert Ghiorso, Glenn T. Seaborg
10-year trends

Research trends from the past decade for this element.

Research trends from the past decade: publication rate, citation momentum, emerging applications. A bird's-eye view of how the field has been evolving.

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Top papers of all time
2024 · 98th percentile for its age
Chemical Communications · 2026 · 97th percentile for its age
Coordination Chemistry Reviews · 2025 · 88th percentile for its age
Top papers, last 5 years
2024 · 98th percentile for its age
Chemical Communications · 2026 · 97th percentile for its age
Coordination Chemistry Reviews · 2025 · 88th percentile for its age
Newest papers
Chemical Communications · 2026 · 97th percentile for its age
Medical Toxicology · 2026 · 32nd percentile for its age
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry · 2026 · 32nd percentile for its age

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Californium's history

Research intensity over time

Californium's history

Californium's research intensity, 1900 → today.

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Advanced visualization features

Californium's associations

These shapes are citation clusters: groups of papers that cite each other. They show why Californium is moving, not just that it is.

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