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69 Lanthanide
Tm

Thulium

RIS 0.022
Velocity
Rank#69
Co-citedHo
Physical properties
Category Lanthanide
Block f-block
State Solid
Config [Xe] 4f13 6s2
Electronegativity 1.25
Density 9.321 g/cm³
Melting 1818.0 K
Boiling 2223.0 K
Ionization 596.7 kJ/mol
Oxidation +2, +3
Discovered 1879 · Per Teodor Cleve
10-year trends

Research trends from the past decade for this element.

Research trends from the past decade: publication rate, citation momentum, emerging applications. A bird's-eye view of how the field has been evolving.

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Top papers of all time
Nature Communications · 2025 · 99th percentile for its age
Pharmaceuticals · 2025 · 99th percentile for its age
Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia · 2025 · 96th percentile for its age
Top papers, last 5 years
Nature Communications · 2025 · 99th percentile for its age
Pharmaceuticals · 2025 · 99th percentile for its age
Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia · 2025 · 96th percentile for its age
Newest papers
European Urology Focus · 2026 · 92nd percentile for its age
World Journal of Urology · 2026 · 87th percentile for its age
Current Opinion in Urology · 2026 · 87th percentile for its age

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Thulium's history

Research intensity over time

Thulium's history

Thulium's research intensity, 1900 → today.

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Advanced visualization features

Thulium's associations

These shapes are citation clusters: groups of papers that cite each other. They show why Thulium is moving, not just that it is.

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