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64 Lanthanide
Gd

Gadolinium

RIS 0.015
Velocity
Rank#77
Co-citedEu
Physical properties
Category Lanthanide
Block f-block
State Solid
Config [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Electronegativity 1.2
Density 7.895 g/cm³
Melting 1585.0 K
Boiling 3546.0 K
Ionization 593.4 kJ/mol
Oxidation +1, +2, +3
Discovered 1880 · Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
10-year trends

Research trends from the past decade for this element.

Research trends from the past decade: publication rate, citation momentum, emerging applications. A bird's-eye view of how the field has been evolving.

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Top papers of all time
JAMA · 2025 · 100th percentile for its age
Nature Communications · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age
Journal of Magnesium and Alloys · 2025 · 99th percentile for its age
Top papers, last 5 years
JAMA · 2025 · 100th percentile for its age
Nature Communications · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age
Journal of Magnesium and Alloys · 2025 · 99th percentile for its age
Newest papers
Nature Communications · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age
Minds at UW (University of Wisconsin) · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age
American Journal of Roentgenology · 2026 · 98th percentile for its age

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Gadolinium's history

Research intensity over time

Gadolinium's history

Gadolinium's research intensity, 1900 → today.

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Advanced visualization features

Gadolinium's associations

These shapes are citation clusters: groups of papers that cite each other. They show why Gadolinium is moving, not just that it is.

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