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64 Lanthanide
Gd

Gadolinium

RIS 0.022
Velocity +0.000
Rank#64
Co-citedEu
Physical properties
Category Lanthanide
Block f-block
State Solid
Config [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Electronegativity 1.2
Density 7.895 g/cm³
Melting 1585.0 K
Boiling 3546.0 K
Ionization 593.4 kJ/mol
Oxidation +1, +2, +3
Discovered 1880 · Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Gadolinium's history

Research intensity over time

Research communities behind this literature

Groups of papers that cite each other densely, with the share of Gadolinium's tracked research in each.