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21 Transition Metal
Sc

Scandium

RIS 0.003
Velocity +0.000
Rank#77
Co-citedY

Scandium (Sc) is a transition metal with atomic number 21: a neutral scandium atom has 21 protons and 21 electrons. Atomic mass 44.956 u, electron configuration [Ar] 3d1 4s2. Scandium is a rare transition metal used to strengthen aluminum alloys.

Physical properties
Atomic mass 44.956 u
Category Transition Metal
Block d-block
State Solid
Config [Ar] 3d1 4s2
Electronegativity 1.36
Density 2.989 g/cm³
Melting 1814.0 K
Boiling 3109.0 K
Ionization 633.1 kJ/mol
Oxidation +1, +2, +3
Discovered 1879 · Lars Fredrik Nilson
Scandium's history

Research intensity over time

Research communities behind this literature

Groups of papers that cite each other densely, with the share of Scandium's tracked research in each.