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44 Transition Metal
Ru

Ruthenium

RIS 0.033
Velocity
Rank#51
Co-citedIr
Physical properties
Category Transition Metal
Block d-block
State Solid
Config [Kr] 4d7 5s1
Electronegativity 2.2
Density 12.37 g/cm³
Melting 2607.0 K
Boiling 4423.0 K
Ionization 710.2 kJ/mol
Oxidation +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8
Discovered 1844 · Karl Ernst Claus
10-year trends

Research trends from the past decade for this element.

Research trends from the past decade: publication rate, citation momentum, emerging applications. A bird's-eye view of how the field has been evolving.

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Top papers of all time
ACS Nano · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age
Science · 2025 · 100th percentile for its age
Advanced Materials · 2025 · 100th percentile for its age
Top papers, last 5 years
ACS Nano · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age
Science · 2025 · 100th percentile for its age
Advanced Materials · 2025 · 100th percentile for its age
Newest papers
ACS Nano · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age
Fuel · 2026 · 98th percentile for its age
Fuel · 2026 · 98th percentile for its age

These are the nine that matter most. There are more — browse all of them free.

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Ruthenium's history

Research intensity over time

Ruthenium's history

Ruthenium's research intensity, 1900 → today.

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Advanced visualization features

Ruthenium's associations

These shapes are citation clusters: groups of papers that cite each other. They show why Ruthenium is moving, not just that it is.

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