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72 Transition Metal
Hf

Hafnium

RIS 0.015
Velocity
Rank#78
Co-citedZr
Physical properties
Category Transition Metal
Block d-block
State Solid
Config [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
Electronegativity 1.3
Density 13.31 g/cm³
Melting 2506.0 K
Boiling 4876.0 K
Ionization 658.5 kJ/mol
Oxidation +2, +3, +4
Discovered 1923 · Dirk Coster, George de Hevesy
10-year trends

Research trends from the past decade for this element.

Research trends from the past decade: publication rate, citation momentum, emerging applications. A bird's-eye view of how the field has been evolving.

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Top papers of all time
Science · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age
Inorganic Chemistry Communications · 2025 · 100th percentile for its age
Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025 · 99th percentile for its age
Top papers, last 5 years
Science · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age
Inorganic Chemistry Communications · 2025 · 100th percentile for its age
Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025 · 99th percentile for its age
Newest papers
Science · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age
Modern Physics Letters B · 2026 · 98th percentile for its age
Rare Metals · 2026 · 95th percentile for its age

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Hafnium's history

Research intensity over time

Hafnium's history

Hafnium's research intensity, 1900 → today.

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Advanced visualization features

Hafnium's associations

These shapes are citation clusters: groups of papers that cite each other. They show why Hafnium is moving, not just that it is.

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