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53 Reactive Nonmetal
I

Iodine

RIS 0.049
Velocity
Rank#37
Co-citedPb
Physical properties
Category Nonmetal
Block p-block
State Solid
Config [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5
Electronegativity 2.66
Density 4.93 g/cm³
Melting 386.85 K
Boiling 457.4 K
Ionization 1008.4 kJ/mol
Oxidation -1, +1, +3, +5, +7
Discovered 1811 · Bernard Courtois
10-year trends

Research trends from the past decade for this element.

Research trends from the past decade: publication rate, citation momentum, emerging applications. A bird's-eye view of how the field has been evolving.

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Top papers of all time
Science · 2025 · 100th percentile for its age
Science · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age
Advanced Materials · 2025 · 100th percentile for its age
Top papers, last 5 years
Science · 2025 · 100th percentile for its age
Science · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age
Advanced Materials · 2025 · 100th percentile for its age
Newest papers
Science · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age
Energy & Environmental Science · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age
Advanced Materials · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age

These are the nine that matter most. There are more — browse all of them free.

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Iodine's history

Research intensity over time

Iodine's history

Iodine's research intensity, 1900 → today.

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Advanced visualization features

Iodine's associations

These shapes are citation clusters: groups of papers that cite each other. They show why Iodine is moving, not just that it is.

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