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41 Transition Metal
Nb

Niobium

RIS 0.018
Velocity
Rank#74
Co-citedLi
Physical properties
Category Transition Metal
Block d-block
State Solid
Config [Kr] 4d4 5s1
Electronegativity 1.6
Density 8.57 g/cm³
Melting 2750.0 K
Boiling 5017.0 K
Ionization 652.1 kJ/mol
Oxidation +2, +3, +4, +5
Discovered 1801 · Charles Hatchett
10-year trends

Research trends from the past decade for this element.

Research trends from the past decade: publication rate, citation momentum, emerging applications. A bird's-eye view of how the field has been evolving.

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Top papers of all time
Nature Reviews Physics · 2025 · 100th percentile for its age
Journal of Alloys and Compounds · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age
Applied Physics Reviews · 2025 · 99th percentile for its age
Top papers, last 5 years
Nature Reviews Physics · 2025 · 100th percentile for its age
Journal of Alloys and Compounds · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age
Applied Physics Reviews · 2025 · 99th percentile for its age
Newest papers
Journal of Alloys and Compounds · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age
JIRRS · 2026 · 99th percentile for its age
ACS Catalysis · 2026 · 98th percentile for its age

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Niobium's history

Research intensity over time

Niobium's history

Niobium's research intensity, 1900 → today.

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Advanced visualization features

Niobium's associations

These shapes are citation clusters: groups of papers that cite each other. They show why Niobium is moving, not just that it is.

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