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8 Reactive Nonmetal
O

Oxygen

RIS 0.306
Velocity
Rank#3
Co-citedCo
Physical properties
Category Nonmetal
Block p-block
State Gas
Config [He] 2s2 2p4
Electronegativity 3.44
Density 0.001429 g/cm³
Melting 54.36 K
Boiling 90.2 K
Ionization 1313.9 kJ/mol
Oxidation -2, -1, +1, +2
Discovered 1771 · Carl Wilhelm Scheele
10-year trends

Research trends from the past decade for this element.

Research trends from the past decade: publication rate, citation momentum, emerging applications. A bird's-eye view of how the field has been evolving.

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Top papers of all time
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · 2025 · 100th percentile for its age
MedComm · 2025 · 100th percentile for its age
Journal of Energy Chemistry · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age
Top papers, last 5 years
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · 2025 · 100th percentile for its age
MedComm · 2025 · 100th percentile for its age
Journal of Energy Chemistry · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age
Newest papers
Journal of Energy Chemistry · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age
Nature Catalysis · 2026 · 100th percentile for its age

These are the nine that matter most. There are more — browse all of them free.

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Oxygen's history

Research intensity over time

Oxygen's history

Oxygen's research intensity, 1900 → today.

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Advanced visualization features

Oxygen's associations

These shapes are citation clusters: groups of papers that cite each other. They show why Oxygen is moving, not just that it is.

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